Association between salivary flow and dental caries in institutionalized adolescents: Cross-sectional study.

Background: Brazil has a larger number of adolescent offenders, but studies evaluating their oral health are still limited. Objective: Assess the association between salivary flow and caries experience in youngsters deprived of liberty. Methodology: Sixty-eight male adolescents in conflict with the law, aged between 15 and 19 years, from a Socio-Educational Assistance Center in Brazil participated in the present study. They answered a structured questionnaire, and oral examination was performed by the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. The salivary flow rate was obtained using the mechanically stimulated total saliva method. Adjusted Poisson regression was used for the association with total DMFT and its decayed component, using the salivary flow (continuous fashion) or the hyposalivation (≤1 ml/min) as independent variables. Results: Participants were divided into two groups, those who did not have any decayed teeth at the moment of the examination (n = 39) and those who had at least one decayed tooth (n = 29). Moreover, two groups were formed based on the DMFT: those who had DMFT = 0 (n = 20) and those who had DMFT≥1 (n = 48). In the multivariate analysis, hyposalivation was associated with DMFT≥1 (p = 0.048), but when the salivary flow was included, no significant association with DMFT index was identified (p = 0.178). Conversely, the presence of at least one decayed tooth was significantly associated with the salivary flow (p = 0.004), but not with hyposalivation (p = 0.091). Conclusions: Institutionalized adolescents who present hyposalivation or low salivary flow are associated with DMFT≥1 index or presence of at least one decayed tooth, respectively.

Prevalence, and Risk Indicators of Coronal and Root Caries in Mexican Older Adults in Nursing Homes.

Background: Several factors are associated with coronal and root caries in older persons. The purpose of this study was to determine the experience, prevalence, and risk indicators (socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and dental variables) of coronal and root caries in older persons residing in nursing homes in Mexico. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 227 dentate participants with natural teeth. Convenience sample, where all dentate residents were invited to participate. The dependent variables were coronal caries and root caries, which were determined through an oral clinical examination. The independent variables were sociodemographic factors, location, type of center, surfaces free of dental biofilm and calculus, surfaces with recession, retainers in contact with surfaces with recession, xerostomia, smoking, and the previous use of dental services. The binary logistic regression model was used in the analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants in this study was 77.7±8.8 years, and 69.2% were women. Moreover, 71.8% live in long-term care facilities, and 48.0% live in Mexico City. The prevalence of coronal and root caries was found to be 67.8% and 50.7%, respectively. Being male and living in Mexico City were risk indicators for coronal caries, and with a 1% increase in surfaces with no biofilm, the risk decreased by 2%. Being widowed, having government or no social security, denture retainers, and coronal caries were risk indicators for root caries, while the utilization of dental services indicated lower risk. Conclusion: Several variables that differ in nature were found to be risk indicators for coronal and root caries. Coronal caries increases the risk of root caries. Prevention should be aimed at identifying persons at higher risk, and dental care should be improved for persons living in long-term care institutions.

Postoperative delirium is a risk factor of institutionalization after hip fracture: an observational cohort study.

Introduction: Hip fracture is a common clinical problem in geriatric patients often associated with poor postoperative outcomes. Postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) are particularly frequent. The consequences of these disorders on postoperative recovery and autonomy are not fully described. The aim of this study was to determine the role of POD and NCDs on the need for institutionalization at 3 months after hip fracture surgery. Method: A population-based prospective cohort study was conducted on hip fracture patients between March 2016 and March 2018. The baseline interview, which included a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), was conducted in the hospital after admission for hip fracture. NCDs were appreciated by MMSE scoring evolution (difference between preoperative MMSE and MMSE at day 5 >2 points). POD was evaluated using the Confusion Assessment Method. The primary endpoint was the rate of new institutionalization at 3 months. We used a multivariate analysis to assess the risk of new institutionalization. Results: A total of 63 patients were included. Thirteen patients (20.6%) were newly institutionalized at 3 months. Two factors were significantly associated with the risk of postoperative institutionalization at 3 months: POD (OR = 5.23; 95% CI 1.1-27.04; p = 0.04) and IADL evolution (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.23-2.74; p = 0.003). Conclusion: Only POD but not NCDs was associated with the risk of dependency and institutionalization after hip fracture surgery. The prevention of POD appears to be essential for improving patient outcomes and optimizing the potential for returning home.

[Translated article] One-year mortality and associated factors in patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture.

INTRODUCTION: Hip fractures are very common injuries in elderly patients and are associated with increased mortality. OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with mortality in patients after one year of being operated for hip fracture in an Orthogeriatric Program. METHODS: We design an observational analytical study in subjects older than 65 years admitted to the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio for hip fracture who were treated in the Orthogeriatrics Program. Telephone follow-up was performed one year after admission. Data were analyzed using a univariate logistic regression model and a multivariate logistic regression model was applied to control the effect of the other variables. RESULTS: Mortality was 17.82%, functional impairment was 50.91%, and institutionalization was 13.9%. The factors associated with mortality were moderate dependence (OR=3.56, 95% CI=1.17-10.84, p=0.025), malnutrition (OR=3.42, 95% CI=1.06-11.04, p=0.039), in-hospital complications (OR=2.80, 95% CI=1.11-7.04, p=0.028), and older age (OR=1.09, 95% CI=1.03-1.15, p=0.002). The factor associated with functional impairment was a greater dependence at admission (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.02-4.10, p=0.041), and with institutionalization was a lower Barthel index score at admission (OR=0.96, 95% CI=0.94-0.98, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results shows that the factors associated with mortality one year after hip fracture surgery were: moderate dependence, malnutrition, in-hospital complications and advanced age. Having previous functional dependence is directly related to greater functional loss and institutionalization.

Análise das condições psíquicas de crianças e adolescentes submetidos à institucionalização / Analyses of the psychic conditions of children and adolescents undergoing institutionalization / Análisis de las condiciones psíquicas de niños y adolescentes em institucionalización

INTRODUÇÃO: As instituições de acolhimento visam suprir as necessidades materiais e emocionais daqueles que são colocados sob tutela do Estado. Contudo, alguns estudos evidenciam que é comum que instituições de acolhimento sejam deficitárias em relação ao número de funcionários que compõem a equipe técnica e que, em alguns casos, a criança ou adolescente permanece mais tempo nessas instituições do que o previsto pela legislação. OBJETIVO: Analisar se o período de permanência em uma instituição de acolhimento constitui um fator agravante para a manifestação de sofrimento psíquico. MÉTODO: A pesquisa foi realizada com 4 sujeitos institucionalizados (dois há mais tempo e dois há menos tempo) de uma casa de acolhimento localizada no município de Ourinhos ­ SP e com 4 profissionais da equipe técnica do local. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevista semiestruturada, lúdica, anamnese, observação, análise documental e aplicação do teste projetivo HTP. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Observou-se que o tempo de acolhimento institucional é um fator que promove o aumento do sofrimento psíquico de pessoas institucionalizadas, pois, comparando-se o adolescente que residia há mais tempo no local e os demais, foi constatado que ele possuía mais prejuízos em seu desenvolvimento. Além disso, foi constatado que muitos dos sofrimentos das pessoas acolhidas eram resultantes de vivência anteriores à institucionalização. CONCLUSÃO: foi verificado que o processo de institucionalização caracteriza um rompimento doloroso entre o sujeito e suas figuras cuidadoras, pois, mesmo o acolhimento propiciando boas condições estruturais e materiais ao sujeito, ele não está preparado psicologicamente para um rompimento.

INTRODUCTION: Foster care institutions aim to meet the material and emotional needs of those placed under the tutelage of the State. However, some studies show that it is common for shelter institutions to be deficient in terms of the number of employees that make up the technical team and that, in some cases, the child or adolescent stays longer in these institutions than what is provided for by law. OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether the period of stay in a foster care institution constitutes an aggravating factor for the manifestation of psychic suffering. METHOD: The research was carried out with four institutionalized subjects (two for a longer and two for a shorter period) from a shelter located in the municipality of Ourinhos - SP and with four professionals from the local technical team. Data were collected through semi-structured, playful interviews, anamnesis, observation, document analysis, and application of the HTP projective test. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: It was observed that the time of institutional reception is a factor that promotes the increase of the psychic suffering of institutionalized people, because, comparing the adolescent who lived longer in the place and the others, it was found that he had further damage to their development. In addition, it was found that many of the sufferings of sheltered people were the result of experiences prior to institutionalization. CONCLUSION: it was verified that the institutionalization process characterizes a painful rupture between the subject and his caregivers because, even though the reception provides good structural and material conditions to the subject, he is not psychologically prepared for a rupture.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las instituciones de acogida tienen por objeto satisfacer las necesidades materiales y afectivas de quienes se encuentran bajo la tutela del Estado. Sin embargo, algunos estudios muestran que es común que las instituciones de acogida sean deficientes en cuanto al número de funcionarios que integran el equipo técnico y que en algunos casos el niño, niña o adolescente permanezca en estas instituciones más tiempo de lo que marca la ley. OBJETIVO: Analizar si el tiempo de permanencia en una institución de acogida constituye un factor agravante para la manifestación del sufrimiento psíquico. MÉTODO: La investigación fue realizada con 4 sujetos institucionalizados (dos por más tiempo y dos por menos tiempo) de un albergue ubicado en el municipio de Ourinhos - SP y con 4 profesionales del equipo técnico local. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevista semiestructurada, lúdica, anamnesis, observación, análisis de documentos y aplicación de la prueba proyectiva HTP. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: Se observó que el tiempo de acogida institucional es un factor que promueve el aumento del sufrimiento psíquico de las personas institucionalizadas, pues, al comparar el adolescente que vivió más tiempo en el lugar y los demás, se verificó que tenía más perjuicios a su desarrollo. Además, se constató que muchos de los sufrimientos de las personas acogidas se debían a experiencias previas a la institucionalización. CONCLUSIÓN: se constató que el proceso de institucionalización caracteriza una ruptura dolorosa entre el sujeto y sus cuidadores, ya que, aunque la acogida proporcione buenas condiciones estructurales y materiales al sujeto, éste no está psicológicamente preparado para una ruptura.

The majority of community-dwelling hip fracture patients return to independent living with minor increase in care needs: a prospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Hip fracture patients are fragile, and the majority fail to fully recover to their pre-fracture functional level, resulting in an increase in institutionalization. We aimed to investigate risk factors for being dependent at discharge and for failure to return to independent living 12 months after a hip fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2011 to 2017, all surgically treated hip fracture patients admitted from their own homes were included in this prospective cohort study. Patient characteristics were registered, including age, sex, lifestyle, comorbidities, pre-fracture New Mobility Score (NMS), biochemical measures, fracture type, and surgical method. Dependency was measured at discharge using a cumulated ambulatory score (CAS < 6) and the timed-up-and-go test (TUG > 20 s). At 12 months, patients were interviewed regarding residence, NMS, and care needs. Multivariable logistic regression was used, reporting odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: A total of 2006 patients were included in the study with data regarding their hospital stay and discharge. In all, 1342 patients underwent follow-up at 12 months. The risk factors found to be associated with dependency at discharge were mostly static. Modifiable variables associated with dependency at discharge (CAS < 6) were hypoalbuminemia (OR: 1.94, 95% CI 1.38-2.71), not having been mobilized to standing within 24 h (OR: 1.88, 95% CI 1.12-3.15), and general anesthesia (OR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.07-1.71). Failure to return to independent living at 12 months was found in 10% of the patients, and was primarily associated with patient characteristics and proxy variables for comorbidities, but also with dependency at discharge (CAS < 6). CONCLUSIONS: Mobilizing patients to standing within 24 h from hip fracture surgery was vital in maximizing short-term functional recovery. Failure to return to independent living was seen in the frailest patients. However, the majority remained in their own home with little increase in care needs.

One-year mortality and associated factors in patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture. / Mortalidad al año y factores asociados en pacientes llevados a cirugía por fractura de cadera.

INTRODUCTION: Hip fractures are very common injuries in elderly patients and are associated with increased mortality. OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with mortality in patients after one year of being operated for hip fracture in an Orthogeriatric Program. METHODS: We design an observational analytical study in subjects older than 65 years admitted to the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio for hip fracture who were treated in the Orthogeriatrics Program. Telephone follow-up was performed one year after admission. Data were analyzed using a univariate logistic regression model and a multivariate logistic regression model was applied to control the effect of the other variables. RESULTS: Mortality was 17.82%, functional impairment was 50.91%, and institutionalization was 13.9%. The factors associated with mortality were moderate dependence (OR=3.56, 95% CI=1.17-10.84, p=0.025), malnutrition (OR=3.42, 95% CI=1.06-11.04, p=0.039), in-hospital complications (OR=2.80, 95% CI=1.11-7.04, p=0.028), and older age (OR=1.09, 95% CI=1.03-1.15, p=0.002). The factor associated with functional impairment was a greater dependence at admission (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.02-4.10, p=0.041), and with institutionalization was a lower Barthel index score at admission (OR=0.96, 95% CI=0.94-0.98, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results shows that the factors associated with mortality one year after hip fracture surgery were: moderate dependence, malnutrition, in-hospital complications and advanced age. Having previous functional dependence is directly related to greater functional loss and institutionalization.

Desvendando as raízes dos estudos culturais físicos: das reflexões iniciais à institucionalização acadêmica / Unveiling the roots of physical cultural studies: from initial reflections to academic institutionalization / Desentrañando las raíces de los estudios culturales físicos: desde reflexiones iniciales hasta la institucionalización académica

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal compreender a trajetória de construção dos Estudos Culturais Físicos (ECF) antes de sua institucionalização no meio acadêmico. A problemática central reside na escassez de informações disponíveis sobre os Estudos Culturais Físicos (ECF) em seu estágio inicial, antes de serem formalmente reconhecidos no contexto acadêmico. A metodologia adotada neste estudo consistiu em uma abordagem de pesquisa bibliográfica, conduzida por meio de leituras exploratórias. A partir dessas análises, considera-se que a concepção dos Estudos Culturais Físicos (ECF), advém de diversos acontecimentos históricos e sociais que possibilitaram a criação de uma nova abordagem na produção de conhecimento da Sociologia do Esporte norte- americana e que compreende a subjetividade do corpo/sujeito além da sua capacidade de performance no esporte/cultura física.

This article aims to primarily comprehend the developmental trajectory of Physical Cultural Studies (PCS) prior to its institutionalization within the academic realm. The central issue lies in the scarcity of available information regarding PCS during its nascent stage, before gaining formal recognition within the academic context. The methodology employed in this study involves a bibliographic research approach, conducted through exploratory readings. Based on these analyses, it is considered that the conception of PCS arises from various historical and societal events that facilitated the creation of a novel approach in generating knowledge within American Sociology of Sport. This approach extends beyond the assessment of sporting performance, delving into the realm of the body's and subject's subjectivity, encompassing facets beyond their athletic prowess in sport/physical culture.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal comprender la trayectoria de construcción de los Estudios Culturales Físicos (ECF) antes de su institucionalización en el ámbito académico. La problemática central radica en la escasez de información disponible sobre los Estudios Culturales Físicos (ECF) en su etapa inicial, antes de ser reconocidos formalmente en el contexto académico. La metodología adoptada en este estudio consistió en un enfoque de investigación bibliográfica, llevada a cabo mediante lecturas exploratorias. A partir de estos análisis, se considera que la concepción de los Estudios Culturales Físicos (ECF) proviene de diversos acontecimientos históricos y sociales que posibilitaron la creación de un nuevo enfoque en la producción de conocimiento de la Sociología del Deporte estadounidense y que comprende la subjetividad del cuerpo/sujeto más allá de su capacidad de rendimiento en el deporte/cultura física.

Estudo sobre o acolhimento de crianças e adolescentes em instituições para pessoas com deficiência / A study on admitting children and adolescents into institutions for people with disabilities

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar as instituições de acolhimento para pessoas com deficiência no estado de São Paulo, assim como analisar o acolhimento de crianças e adolescentes nestes serviços. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter descritivo e corte transversal. Na primeira etapa de coleta de dados, o estudo realizou um mapeamento das instituições em diferentes cadastros, de livre acesso, dos serviços públicos e conveniados, ligados à gestão federal, estadual e municipal nas áreas da infância, assistência social e saúde. Na segunda etapa, a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da leitura de prontuários em uma instituição específica. Como resultado, o estudo indica ausência de tipificação única ou regulamentação específica, assim como a falta de práticas de desinstitucionalização e desarticulação com a rede intersetorial. Os resultados revelam, também, que a internação de crianças e adolescentes é recorrente nessas instituições e retratam características desta prática: ocorrência de transinstitucionalização, internações via determinação judicial e falta ou precariedade de serviços territoriais e de ações intersetoriais. Por fim, é apontada a necessidade de implantação de redes substitutivas e desenvolvimento de ações intersetoriais de atenção para crianças e adolescentes. Além da fundamental relevância de aprofundamento sobre a população institucionalizada.

Abstract This study seeks to investigate the care institutions for people with disabilities in São Paulo State and analyze the admission of children and adolescents to these services. This is a qualitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional sample. In its first stage, this study mapped the institutions in different free-access registers of public and contracted services, tied to federal, state, or municipal management in the areas of childhood, social assistance, and health. In its second step, data were collected by reading the medical records of a specific institution. As a result, this study points to the lack of a single typification or specific regulation, the absence of deinstitutionalization practices, and the lack of coordination with the intersectoral network. Results also show that the recurrent institutionalization of children and adolescents in these institutions and describes the characteristics of this practice: the occurrence of transinstitutionalization, hospitalizations via judicial determination, and lack or precariousness of territorial services and intersectoral actions. Finally, this research points to the need for implementing substitutive networks and developing intersectoral actions of care for children and adolescents and highlights the key relevance of further developing knowledge about the institutionalized population.

Health and Self-Care from the Perspective of Institutionalized Adolescents / Saúde e Autocuidado na Perspectiva de Adolescentes Institucionalizadas / La Salud y el Autocuidado desde la Perspectiva de Adolescentes Institucionalizadas

Abstract The health of institutionalized adolescents is permeated by peculiarities that are influenced by the different contexts in which they develop. This study aimed to understand the conceptions about health and self-care elaborated by adolescents under protective measures of institutional shelter, in the light of the Bioecological model. This is a qualitative and exploratory study, based on the Bioecological Theory. Fourteen adolescent girls participated in the study. Based on the ecological insertion methodology, data were collected from a field diary, medical records, a questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews, subjected to thematic content analysis. A plurality of understandings about health and self-care was verified, which are more associated with the institutional experience than with family life and evidenced a lack of actions that support healthcare habits and autonomy of adolescents within the family unit.

Resumo A saúde da adolescente institucionalizada é permeada por peculiaridades que são influenciadas pelos diferentes contextos em que se desenvolve. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender as concepções sobre saúde e autocuidado com a saúde elaboradas por adolescentes em medida protetiva de acolhimento institucional, à luz do modelo Bioecológico. Estudo qualitativo e exploratório, embasado na Teoria Bioecológica. Participaram 14 adolescentes do sexo feminino. A partir da inserção ecológica os dados foram coletados por diário de campo, prontuário, questionário e entrevistas semiestruturadas, submetidas à análise temática do conteúdo. Verificou-se uma pluralidade de compreensões sobre saúde e autocuidado, que estão mais associadas à vivência institucional do que à convivência familiar e evidenciaram carência de ações que apoiem os hábitos de cuidados com a saúde e a autonomia das adolescentes dentro do núcleo familiar.

Resumen La salud de la adolescente institucionalizada tiene peculiaridades que están influenciadas por los diferentes contextos en los que se desarrollan. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender las concepciones sobre la salud y el autocuidado de la salud elaboradas por las adolescentes en medidas de protección del acogimiento institucional, a la luz del modelo Bioecológico. Este es un estudio cualitativo y exploratorio, basado en la Teoría Bioecológica. Participaron 14 adolescentes mujeres. A partir de la inserción ecológica, los datos fueron recolectados mediante diario de campo, fichas médicas, cuestionario y entrevistas semiestructuradas, sometidas a análisis de contenido temático. Se verificó una pluralidad de comprensiones sobre la salud y el autocuidado, que están más asociadas a la experiencia institucional que a la vida familiar y mostraron una falta de acciones que apoyen los hábitos de cuidado de la salud y la autonomía de las adolescentes dentro del núcleo familiar.

The crisis of subsidiarity in the National Service for Minors: Chile (1994-2021) / La crisis de la subsidiariedad en el Servicio Nacional de Menores: Chile (1994-2021) / A crise da subsidiariedade no Serviço Nacional de Menores: Chile (1994-2021)

Abstract In recent years, Chile has experienced an intense socio-legislative debate in which the State and society have taken responsibility for children who, for various reasons, cannot be cared for by their biological families. The crisis in the child protection system has become evident, highlighting the need for reform. This article proposes a critical analysis of the implementation of this policy based on a descriptive-interpretative study of the documents and evaluation reports produced by the National Service for Minors between 1994 and 2018. The study identifies structural deficiencies in the system that continued since this institution was founded. The authors identify that the cause of these deficiencies is the principle of subsidiarity of the State in this area.

Resumen En los últimos años en Chile se asiste a un intenso debate sociolegislativo respecto al modo en que el Estado y la sociedad se responsabilizan de la niñez que, por diferentes razones, no puede estar al cuidado de sus familias consanguíneas. El sistema de protección de la infancia ha hecho evidente su crisis provocando la instalación de una reforma al sistema. En este artículo se propone un análisis crítico a la implementación de esta política, a partir de un estudio descriptivo-interpretativo de los documentos e informes evaluativos realizados al Servicio Nacional de Menores entre 1994 y 2018. Se identifican deficiencias estructurales en el sistema que han permanecido a lo largo de toda la historia de la institución y cuya causa es el principio de subsidiariedad del Estado en la materia.

Resumo (analítico) Nos últimos anos, o Chile tem sido testemunha de um intenso debate sócio-legislativo sobre a forma em que o Estado e a sociedade assumem a responsabilidade pelas crianças que, por diversos motivos, não podem ser cuidadas por suas famílias. A crise do sistema de proteção à infância foi extremamente evidente, o que alavancou uma reforma no sistema. Este artigo propõe uma análise crítica da implementação desta política, baseada em um estudo descritivo-interpretativo dos documentos e relatórios de avaliação do Serviço Nacional de Menores entre 1994-2018. Ele identifica deficiências estruturais no sistema que permaneceram ao longo da história da instituição e cuja causa é o princípio de subsidiariedade do Estado na matéria.

The influence of multiple frailty profiles on institutionalization and all-cause mortality in community-living older adults.

BACKGROUND: Frailty in older adults is associated with adverse geriatric outcomes. Physical frailty is often accompanied by problems in the cognitive, psychological, and social domains. This study investigated the ability of physical frailty combined with other health domains to predict institutionalization and mortality. METHODS: A national sample of 9171 Koreans aged 65 years or older were surveyed at baseline in 2008 and 3 year follow-up. Those who were prefrail or frail according to the Fried criteria were conceived to have physical frailty. Psychological frailty, cognitive frailty, and social frailty were defined as having depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and social vulnerabilities, respectively, in addition to physical frailty. Using Cox proportional hazards and competing-risks regression, the risk of mortality and institutionalization by the number and profiles of different frailty domains was analysed. RESULTS: At baseline, the 9171 participants were aged 73.1 (±6.8) years on average (median: 72, range: 65 to 103), and 59.2% were women. Multidomain frailty was highly prevalent (49.3%), with 6.1% concurrently displaying frailty in all four domains (mixed frailty). The risk of negative health outcomes increased with frailty in a higher number of domains with a subhazard ratio (SHR) of 3.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.83, 6.62; P < 0.001) for institutionalization and a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.95 (95% CI: 2.62, 5.93; P < 0.001) for mortality among those presenting mixed frailty. Psychological frailty (depressive symptoms combined with physical frailty) was strongly predictive of institutionalization (SHR = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.45, 5.59; P = 0.002) and mortality (HR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.61, 3.78; P < 0.001). When combined with physical frailty and either depressive symptoms or social vulnerabilities, cognitive impairment also exhibited a significantly elevated risk of negative events. Physical frailty alone was not a strong predictor of adverse events, especially for mortality (HR = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.67; P = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: Co-occurrence of physical frailty with other domains is common in late life. The presence of frailty in multiple domains raises the risk of adverse outcomes, with the effects varying by multidimensional profiles.

Cognitive abilities of institutionalized older persons with depressive symptoms / Habilidades cognitivas de idosos institucionalizados com sintomas depressivos

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the level of association between depressive symptoms and cognitive abilities of institutionalized older adults. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that enrolled 69 older adults, living in a long-term care facility. Investigation of depressive symptoms in all individuals was performed using the geriatric depression scale. Cognitive verbal fluency, digit span forward (DSF) and backward (DSB) tests, and two-minute stationary gait, sit-to-stand test, and six-minute walk test were performed to assess their association with depressive symptoms. Results Depressive symptoms were identified in 35 individuals. Worse cognition and physical performances were associated with the presence of depressive symptoms - Mini-Mental State Examination [t (61) = 2.36; p < 0.05] and Stationary gait test of two minutes [t (53) = 3.12; p < 0.05]. Short-term memory and working memory tests presented worse results in individuals with depressive symptoms (DSF: U = 402.00; p < 0.05 e DSB: U = 341,00; p < 0.05). Older adults with scores below normal in DSF were 5 times more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms. Conclusion The importance of physical, cognitive and social intervention strategies in long-term care facilities for the older adults is highlighted, in order to privilege autonomy. Notably, there is an association between deficits in short-term memory and the presence of depressive symptoms in older adults. Therefore, prospective studies are suggested to investigate the cause-effect relationship of this association with the institutionalization of older adults.

RESUMO Objetivo Determinar o nível de associação entre sintomas depressivos e habilidades cognitivas de idosos institucionalizados. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal que envolveu 69 idosos residentes em uma instituição de longa permanência. A investigação dos sintomas depressivos em todos os indivíduos foi realizada por meio da escala de depressão geriátrica. Os testes cognitivos de fluência verbal, digit span forward (DSF) e backward (DSB)e os testes físicos de marcha estacionária de dois minutos, de sentar e levantar e o teste de caminhada de seis minutos foram realizados para avaliar sua associação com sintomas depressivos. Resultados Sintomas depressivos foram identificados em 35 indivíduos. Baixos desempenhos cognitivo e físico foram associados à presença de sintomas depressivos - Miniexame do Estado Mental [t (61) = 2,36; p < 0,05] e Teste de marcha estacionária de dois minutos [t (53) = 3,12; p < 0,05]. A memória de curto prazo e os testes de memória operacional mostraram piores resultados em indivíduos com sintomas depressivos (DSF: U = 402,00; p < 0,05 e DSB: U = 341,00; p < 0,05). Idosos com escores abaixo do normal no DSF tiveram 5 vezes mais chance de apresentar sintomas depressivos. Conclusão Destaca-se a importância de estratégias de intervenção físicas, cognitivas e sociais em instituições de longa permanência para idosos, a fim de privilegiar a autonomia. Notavelmente, apresenta-se uma associação entre déficit na capacidade de memória de curto prazo e a presença de sintomas depressivos em adultos mais velhos. Sugerem-se, então, estudos prospectivos que investiguem a relação de causa-efeito dessa associação com a institucionalização de idosos.

Avaliação das ações de vigilância sanitária: construção participativa de mecanismos para o monitoramento do desempenho da gestão / Assessment of health surveillance actions: participatory construction of mechanisms for monitoring management performance

Introdução: A avaliação focada na utilização constitui-se em referencial teórico importante a ser observado na proposição de um caminho entre tantos que o campo da avaliação oferece como suporte à qualificação da gestão em saúde. O monitoramento do desempenho é considerado uma estratégia impulsionadora à racionalização da gestão e das decisões. Objetivo: Apresentar o caminho percorrido pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e pelo Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz no processo de construção participativa de mecanismos para o monitoramento do desempenho da gestão em instâncias subnacionais, como parte da implantação da ação ­ mecanismos estruturais e técnicos ­ integrante da primeira linha de execução do projeto Institucionalização de Práticas Avaliativas: a gestão estratégica da vigilância sanitária baseada em evidências. Método: Descrição do processo de construção participativa de mecanismos para o monitoramento do desempenho da gestão em instâncias subnacionais, considerando duas dimensões ­ o envolvimento dos principais interessados na perspectiva do uso do monitoramento e a estruturação do instrumental teórico e operacional e de estratégias de utilização. Resultados: Projeto implantado em quatro instituições de Vigilância Sanitária, permeado pelo caráter participativo, desde a elaboração da estratégia, à modelagem, à formulação dos dispositivos gerenciais e de instrumentos de análise e interpretação dos indicadores. Conclusões: O projeto viabilizou a instituição de um espaço de aprendizado institucional que valorizou não só a apreciação dos resultados, mas, também, o próprio processo de produção da informação, contribuindo, assim, com a instituição de mudanças e inovações na execução das ações.

Introduction: Evaluation focused on use is an important theoretical framework to be observed in proposing a pathway among those of the feld of evaluation to support the qualifcation of health management. Performance monitoring is considered a driving strategy for rationalizing management and decisions. Objective: To present the pathway carried out by the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária and the Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz in the participatory construction process of mechanisms for monitoring management performance in subnational instances, as part of the implementation of the action ­ structural and technical mechanisms ­ that makes part of the frst line of execution of the Institutionalization of the project "Evaluative Practices: strategic management of the evidence-based health surveillance". Method: Description of the participatory construction process of mechanisms for monitoring management performance in subnational instances, considering two dimensions ­ the involvement of the main stakeholders in the perspective of the use of monitoring and the building of theoretical and operational tools and utilization strategies. Results: The project was implemented in four health surveillance institutions. It was permeated by the participatory feature since the strategy conception, to the modeling, to the formulation of the management devices and instruments of analysis and interpretation of the indicators. Conclusions: The project enabled the development of an institutional learning locus that valued not only the appreciation of results, but also the information production process itself. Therefore, it contributes to the institutionalization of changes and innovations in the execution of actions.

Diagnósticos e memórias: estudo de caso de uma vida marcada pelo crime e pela loucura / Diagnostics and memories: a case study of a life characterized by crime and madness

Este artigo visa a discutir a categoria loucocriminoso à luz dos rastros de passagem de uma interna no extinto Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Heitor Carrilho (HCTPHH) por mais de três décadas, denominada aqui de Maria dos Anjos, considerando: a. a conjugação dos dois enigmas da condição humana no crime e loucura, arregimentados nesse termo; b. as consequências deletérias de um dos inúmeros diagnósticos atribuídos a ela, mais especificamente, a psicopatia; c. as sequelas subjetivas resultantes da longa internação/institucionalização bem como os rastros de vida e as práticas de resistência esboçadas pela interna em sua trajetória institucional. Os corpora desta pesquisa são constituídos pelo prontuário da paciente, notas de campo realizadas dentro e fora da instituição e pelas transcrições de entrevistas de pesquisa realizadas com a paciente. A análise evidenciou uma história de vida sinuosa marcada por uma travessia por diferentes instituições custodiais e de tratamento e por sutilezas que sugerem que as estratégias de intervenção adotadas não produziram os efeitos esperados: a condição delirante foi mantida. Ainda, aponta-se a incerteza quanto ao lugar onde a internada deveria ficar: prisão ou hospital de custódia e tratamento psiquiátrico.

This study aims at discussing the mentally ill criminal category in light of the former Heitor Carrilho Custody and Treatment hospital female inmate ́s life remains for more than three decades, named Maria dos Anjos by taking into account: a. the articulation between two conundrums of human nature, crime and madness encompassed by the term mentally ill criminal; b. the damaging consequences of one among many diagnoses assigned to her, namely psychopathy; c. the subjective damages that arose from long periods of institutionalization as well as her life remains and some practices of resistance employed throughout her institutional career. Inmate ́s file records, research field notes that have registered activities in and out of the institution and transcripts of research interviews granted by the patient integrate the research data. The analysis has pointed out that a winding life story is marked by a path on different custodial and treatment institutions and by nuances which indicates that the selected intervention strategies have not been followed by the expected clinical effects since Maria dos Anjos remained delusional. It is also highlighted that the doubt whether the intern would have benefited more from a treatment in a forensic hospital or a prison has remained.

Cluster-randomized trial comparing organizationally tailored versus standard approach for integrating an evidence-based cancer control intervention into African American churches.

The field of implementation science has devoted increasing attention to optimizing the fit of evidence-based interventions to the organizational settings in which they are delivered. Institutionalization of health promotion into routine organizational operations is one way to achieve this. However, less is known about how to maximize fit and achieve institutionalization, particularly in settings outside of the healthcare system. This paper reports on findings from a parallel cluster-randomized trial that compared an organizationally tailored with a standard (core components only) approach for institutionalizing ("integrating") an evidence-based cancer control intervention into African American churches. Churches randomized to the organizationally tailored condition identified three or more implementation strategies from a menu of 20, with an implementation time frame for each. The primary study outcome was assessed through the Faith-Based Organization Health Integration Inventory, a measure of institutionalization of health promotion activities in church settings, completed by pastors at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Seventeen churches were randomized and 14 were analyzed as 3 did not implement the study protocol. Though the percent increase in total integration score was greater in the tailored condition (N = 9; 18%) than in the standard condition (N = 5; 12%), linear mixed-effect models did not detect a statistically significant group × time interaction. Despite the challenges of integrating health promotion activities outside of healthcare organizations, the current approach shows promise for fostering sustainable health promotion in community settings and merits further study.

Researchers have become interested in studying how health promotion activities fit within the organizational setting where they are delivered. Health activities that are integrated into the host setting's structures and routine operations are more likely to be fully executed, effective, and sustained. Unfortunately, we know little about how to achieve such integration. This is especially true when working outside of a healthcare system, in community organizations like churches. We report findings from a study that compared an approach to tailoring health promotion activities into their host settings, with a standard, non-tailored approach. The study was conducted in 14 African American churches randomly assigned to the tailored or standard group. The health promotion activity involved training lay people to conduct cancer educational workshops for church members. We measured the extent to which the churches integrated health promotion activities into their structures, processes, resources, and communication at the beginning and one year later. We found that while the churches had overall increases in these factors over time, those in the tailored group did not do so to a greater degree than those in the standard group. Even so, this approach to tailoring health promotion activities to the organizational setting merits future study.

Factors Associated with Prolonged Institutionalization in Mentally Ill People with and Without a History of Violence and Legal Involvement: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This is a cross-sectional study carried out on 34 individuals hospitalized for a long period in the Federal District, in Brazil. To evaluate factors related to prolonged institutionalization in mental patients with history of violence and criminal records. Individuals found were assorted into two groups: with and without criminal records. We analyzed 56 items by reviewing medical records and health records. Demographic and social data, history of violence, criminal involvement, medical history, substance use, and other aspects related to long hospitalizations, by reviewing medical and health records. We found a profile of male individuals: single, male, with an average age of 47.6 years, low education, and little professional qualification from correctional facilities or long-term psychiatric clinics and hospitals. Most men had a history of aggressive behavior, a leading psychiatric diagnosis of psychosis, and an issue with polypharmacy. Two factors showed statistical significance and were highly related to longer institutionalizations: polypharmacy and records of hospitalization for violent behavior. Further studies with these populations are needed to increase knowledge on the subject. They can help health care systems to improve and provide broad, humanized and quality assistance with multi-professional teams, aiming to reduce prolonged hospitalizations.

Experiência em cuidar de idosos com demência no ambiente domiciliar: uma síntese qualitativa de evidências / Experience in caring for the older people with dementia in the home environment: a qualitative synthesis of evidence / Experiencia en el cuidado de mayores con demencia en el ambiente doméstico: una síntesis cualitativa de evidencia

Objetivo: compreender a experiência de cuidadores familiares no cuidado de idosos com demência em ambiente domiciliar. Métodos: foi realizada uma busca sistemática por estudos qualitativos e análise temática para sintetizar os resultados. Resultados: foram incluídos nove estudos. Emergiram quatro temas analíticos: Reconhecendo a demência e desvendando o cuidar; "Você está sozinha"; Limitações e desconhecimentos no cuidar com demência; "É um último recurso (colocação em instituição de longa permanência) ". A perda de autonomia dos idosos gerou sentimentos de luto e solidão. O conhecimento limitado sobre demência suscitou em um cuidado inábil. Os cuidados temporários eram percebidos como uma solução frente à necessidade de ajuda, porém, a institucionalização foi abordada como uma última alternativa. Conclusão: os resultados obtidos são importantes para fornecer subsídio para a criação de políticas públicas mais humanizadas que considerem a integralidade no cuidado, auxiliar profissionais de saúde na prestação de cuidados aos idosos com demência e sua família.

Objective: to understand the experience of family caregivers in caring for older people with dementia in the home environment. Methods: a systematic search for qualitative studies and a thematic analysis was carried out to synthesize the results. Results: nine studies were included. Four analytical themes emerged. Recognizing dementia and unraveling care; "You are alone"; Limitations and lack of knowledge in caring for dementia; "It's a last resort [full institutionalization nursing home]." The older people's loss of autonomy generated feelings of grief and loneliness. Limited knowledge about dementia has given rise to awkward care. Temporary care was perceived as a solution to the need for help. However, institutionalization was approached as a last alternative. Conclusion: the results obtained are important to provide support for the creation of more humanized public policies that consider comprehensive care, assist health professionals in providing care to older people with dementia and their families.

Objetivo: comprender la experiencia de los cuidadores familiares en el cuidado de personas mayores con demencia en la residencia. Metodos: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de estudios cualitativos y un análisis temático. Resultados: se incluyeron nueve artículos. Surgieron cuatro temas analíticos: Reconocer la demencia y deshacerla atención; "Estás sola"; Limitaciones y ignorancia en el cuidado de la demencia; "Es un último recurso [institución de larga permanencia]". La pérdida de autonomía de los ancianos generó sentimientos de dolor y soledad. El conocimiento limitado sobre la demencia ha dado lugar a cuidados incómodos. El cuidado temporal fue una solución a la necesidad de ayuda, sin embargo, la institucionalización se abordó como última alternativa. Conclusión: los resultados obtenidos son importantes para apoyar la creación de políticas públicas más humanizadas que consideren la atención integral, ayudar profesionales de la salud en la atención a las personas mayores con demencia y sus familias.

Participação e autonomia de pessoas que moram nos serviços residenciais terapêuticos: contribuições da terapia ocupacional / Participation and autonomy of people who live in residential therapeutic services: contributions from occupational therapy1

Resumo Introdução Os Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos (SRTs) representaram grande avanço no processo de desinstitucionalização brasileiro. Porém, faz-se necessário investir nas discussões que contribuam para que esses dispositivos sejam espaços potentes de habitação e de valorização da subjetividade de seus moradores. Objetivo Investigar a participação e o exercício da autonomia dos moradores de SRTs do tipo II, a partir da sua própria percepção. Método Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e documental, realizada por meio de coleta de dados documentais e de entrevistas. Participaram do estudo 8 moradores de SRTs tipo II. O material produzido foi submetido à análise temática. O conceito do Cotidiano embasa o estudo, a partir das perspectivas da terapia ocupacional, da Teoria do Cotidiano de Agnes Heller e da Reabilitação Psicossocial. Resultados A institucionalização prolongada está estreitamente relacionada com a pouca participação e autonomia dos participantes em seu cotidiano, com a pouca ou inexistente apropriação do SRT e com a percepção que eles têm de si como pacientes, e não como moradores de suas casas. O exercício da autonomia pelos participantes é relacionado ao seu desempenho e funcionalidade na realização das atividades diárias e à assistência integral pré-estabelecida para o SRT tipo II. Conclusão Concluiu-se que a terapia ocupacional traz contribuições fundamentais relacionadas à participação e à autonomia de pessoas que, devido às institucionalizações prolongadas, encontram-se em situação importante de cronificação. A participação nas atividades cotidianas e a possibilidade do exercício de autonomia no SRT são o primeiro passo rumo à definitiva possibilidade de inclusão social de seus moradores.

Abstract Introduction Therapeutic Residential Services (RSTs) represented a great advance in the Brazilian deinstitutionalization process, but it is necessary to invest in discussions that contribute to these devices being powerful spaces for housing and for valuing the subjectivity of its residents. Objective To investigate the participation and exercise of autonomy of residents of type II RSTs, based on their own perception. Method This is qualitative, exploratory, and documentary research, carried out through the collection of documentary data and interviews. Eight residents of type II RSTs participated in the study. The material produced was submitted to thematic analysis. The concept of Daily Life underlies the study, from the perspectives of Occupational Therapy, the Theory of Daily Life by Agnes Heller, and Psychosocial Rehabilitation. Results Prolonged institutionalization is closely related to the participants' little participation and autonomy in their daily lives, with little or no ownership of the SRT, and with the perception, they have of themselves as patients and not as residents of their homes. The exercise of autonomy by the participants is related to their performance and functionality in carrying out daily activities and pre-established comprehensive care for type II SRT. Conclusion It was concluded that Occupational Therapy brings fundamental contributions related to the participation and autonomy of people who, due to prolonged institutionalization, are in an important situation of chronicity. Participation in daily activities and the possibility of exercising autonomy in the SRT is the first step towards the definitive possibility of social inclusion for its residents.

Challenges experienced by Portuguese professionals in humanitude care for institutionalized elderly people during the pandemic / Desafíos vividos por profesionales portugueses en el cuidado humanitud a ancianos institucionalizados durante la pandemia / Desafios vivenciados por profissionais portugueses no cuidado em humanitude a idosos institucionalizados durante a pandemia

Abstract Objective: To understand the challenges experienced by Portuguese workers in humanitude care for institutionalized elderly people during the pandemic. Method: This is a qualitative study, supported by reflections on the Humanitude Care Methodology, carried out with workers from different areas in a nursing home for elderly people in Portugal. Data collection took place between September and October 2020, from individual and online interviews. The categorization proposed by Bardin was adopted as the analysis technique. Results: Three categories emerged: (1) self-protection and of the other with the subcategories fear of being contaminated and fear of contaminating the elderly; (2) maintenance of affective relationships, broken down into the subcategories absence of family members in the nursing home and personal protective equipment as a barrier to communication and approximation; and (3) confinement of the elderly who attended the Day Center, with the subcategories lack of family support/loneliness and change in the elderly's routine. Conclusion: The main challenges experienced by Portuguese workers are related to the necessary changes in the performance of care practices due to the use of personal protection that was not used before, limitations in affective relationships, and restrictions in interaction spaces.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender los desafíos vividos por profesionales portugueses en el cuidado humanitud a ancianos institucionalizados durante la pandemia. Método: estudio cualitativo, basado en las reflexiones de la Metodología del cuidado Humanitud, realizado con profesionales de diversas áreas en una residencia para ancianos en Portugal. La recolección de datos ocurrió entre septiembre y octubre de 2020, tras entrevistas individuales y online. Se adoptó como técnica de análisis, la clasificación propuesta por Bardin. Resultados: surgieron tres clases: (1) protección de uno y de los demás con las subclases miedo de contaminarse y miedo de contaminar al anciano; (2) manutención de las relaciones afectivas, desdoblada en las subclases ausencia de los familiares en la residencia y equipo de protección individual como barrera de comunicación y aproximación y (3) confinamiento de los ancianos que frecuentaban el "Centro de Día", con las subclases falta de soporte familiar/solitud; y alteración de la rutina del anciano. Conclusión: los principales desafíos vividos por los profesionales portugueses están relacionados a las modificaciones necesarias en el desempeño de las prácticas de cuidado debido a la utilización de equipo de protección antes no utilizada, limitación en las relaciones afectivas y restricciones de espacios de convivencia.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender os desafios vivenciados por profissionais portugueses no cuidado em humanitude a idosos institucionalizados durante a pandemia. Método: estudo qualitativo, sustentado pelas reflexões da Metodologia do cuidado em Humanitude, realizado com profissionais de diversas áreas num residencial para idosos de Portugal. A coleta dos dados ocorreu entre setembro e outubro de 2020, a partir de entrevistas individuais e online. Adotou-se, como técnica de análise, a categorização proposta por Bardin. Resultados: emergiram três categorias: (1) proteção de si e do outro com as subcategorias medo de se contaminar e medo de contaminar o idoso; (2) manutenção das relações afetivas, desdobrada nas subcategorias ausência dos familiares no residencial e equipamento de proteção individual como barreira de comunicação e aproximação e (3) confinamento dos idosos que frequentavam o Centro de Dia, com as subcategorias falta de suporte familiar/solidão e alteração da rotina do idoso. Conclusão: os principais desafios vivenciados pelos profissionais portugueses estão relacionados às modificações necessárias no desempenho das práticas de cuidado devido a utilização de proteção pessoal antes não utilizada, limitação nas relações afetivas e restrições de espaços de convivência.